OBAMA APRESENTA O SEU PRIMEIRO ORÇAMENTO
Como acontece também no Brasil, o primeiro ano das administrações públicas são feitas com o orçamento deixado de herança pelo antecessor.
Enquanto verifica-se que no Brasil o orçamento ainda é um instrumento frouxo, em que o Executivo conta com vários subterfúgios para pratica-lo com uma excessiva e perigosa flexibilidade, nos EUA, esse fato tem um significado muito diferente, pois lá o orçamento é realmente uma determinação do Legislativo e que deve ser cumprido pelo Executivo. Apesar do poder de definir as prioridades ser do Congresso americano, o Executivo tem a responsabilidade de encaminhar a proposta orçamentária, que é o ponto de partida para o debate dos congressistas. Nessa proposta estão indicados e defendidas as prioridades do pais, na ótica do governo e é claro que influencia muito a decisão dos congressistas.
Hoje, os jornais estão repercutindo os cortes em alguns setores que o governo Obama fez na proposta orçamentária 2010/2011 que o seu governo encaminhou para o Congresso Nacional. Como exemplo, surpreendeu o corte feito no orçamento da NASA, que terá que adiar muitos dos seus programas científicos e exploratórios do espaço.
Por outro lado, além de surpreender no foco dos seus cortes, o presidente Obama, que recebeu o Prêmio Nobel da Paz de 2009, também surpreendeu por pedir um significativo aumento de verbas para alimentar os gastos militares nas frentes de guerras, principalmente no Afeganistão. Isso foi uma decepção, pois pensávamos que a ênfase belicista que era a triste marca do seu antecessor, o caricato cowboy texano George Bush.
Pelo menos, uma decisão de Obama o mantém fiel aodiscurso e às suas promessas de campanha: o meio ambiente. O EPA - Environment Protection Agency (a agência ambiental federal americana) terá um orçamento recorde na história do país: US$ 10 bilhões. Um volume de recursos impressionante, principalmente se lembrarmos que o EPA, cujo foco está no controle da poluição, tem atribuições basicamente normativa, já que as açoes ambientais nos EUA são fortemente descentralizadas para os estados e para outras instâncias de política ambiental. A maior parte da intervenção direta do governo federal americano cabe a outras agências, como o Serviço Florestal, o Serviço de Parques, o Serviço de Vida Silvestre, e muitas outros órgãos públicos. Ainda assim, motivado pela agenda climática e da descontaminação de áreas industriais (o
Superfund), o EPA mostra que terá uma importância primordial na política ambiental de Obama.
Veja abaixo, o release do EPA, indicando onde o disnheiro será investido:
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EPA’s Budget Proposal Seeks Efficiencies, Increased Environmental ProtectionBudget proposal aligned with Administrator Jackson’s key priorities
WASHINGTON - The Obama Administration today proposed a budget of $10 billion for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This budget heeds the president’s call to streamline and find efficiencies in the agency’s operations while supporting the seven priority areas EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson outlined to guide EPA’s work.
“To meet our environmental challenges and ensure fiscal responsibility, we’re proposing targeted investments in core priorities. This budget cuts spending while promoting clean air, land and water, growing the green economy and strengthening enforcement,” said Administrator Jackson. ”The president’s budget is focused on creating the conditions that help American families, communities and small businesses thrive. Clean air, clear water and green jobs are rebuilding the foundations for prosperity in communities across the country.”
Budget Highlights:
Cleaning up communities: This budget includes $1.3 billion to address Superfund sites that may be releasing harmful or toxic substances into the surrounding community. Cleaning up these sites improves communities’ health and allows for these properties to be used for economic development.
In addition, $215 million is provided to clean up abandoned or underused industrial and commercial sites that are available for alternative uses but where redevelopment may be complicated by the presence of environmental contaminants. Revitalizing these once productive properties, known as brownfields, helps communities by removing blight, satisfying the growing demand for land, and enabling economic development. EPA will focus its efforts on area-wide planning and cleanups, especially in under-served and economically disadvantaged communities.
This budget also offers $27 million for EPA’s new Healthy Communities Initiative. This initiative will address community water priorities; promote clean, green, and healthy schools; improve air toxics monitoring in at-risk communities; and encourage sustainability by helping to ensure that policies and spending at the national level do not adversely affect the environment and public health or disproportionally harm disadvantaged communities.
Improving Air Quality: In addition to the funding provided through the Healthy Communities Initiative, this budget includes $60 million to support state efforts to implement updated National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA proposed stricter air quality standards for smog and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and will work with states to help them meet those standards in the years ahead.
Building Strong State and Tribal Partnerships: This budget includes $1.3 billion for state and tribal grants. State and local governments are working diligently to implement new and expanded requirements under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. New and expanded requirements include implementation of updated NAAQS and addressing emerging water quality issues such as nutrient pollution. In addition to the $25 million for greenhouse gas permitting and $60 million to support state efforts to implement updated NAAQS, the $1.3 billion for state and tribal grants includes $45 million for states to enhance their water enforcement and permitting programs. In order to help tribes move forward with implementation of environmental programs, $30 million is budgeted for a new competitive Tribal Multi-media Implementation grant program. To further enhance tribal environmental management capabilities, this budget also includes an additional $9 million for Tribal General Assistance Program grants.
Taking Action on Climate Change: This budget contains more than $43 million for additional efforts to address climate change and work toward a clean energy future. EPA will implement the greenhouse gas reporting rule; provide technical assistance to ensure that any permitting under the Clean Air Act will be manageable; perform regulatory work for the largest stationary sources of greenhouse gas emissions; develop standards for mobile sources such as cars and trucks; and continue research of carbon capture and sequestration technologies.
Protecting America’s Waters: This budget broadens efforts to clean up America’s great waterbodies. It provides $63 million for efforts to protect and restore the Chesapeake Bay and $17 million for the Mississippi River Basin to respond to non-point source control recommendations of the Nutrients Innovation Task Group and implement recommendations outlined in the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Action Plan.
This budget also invests $3.3 billion to maintain and improve outdated water infrastructure and keep our wastewater and drinking water clean and safe. This is in addition to $6 billion in funding provided to states through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).
Assuring the Safety of Chemicals: This budget calls for $56 million for chemical assessment and risk review to ensure that no unreasonable risks are posed by new or existing chemicals. This budget also invests $29 million (including $15 million in grants funding) in the continuing effort to eliminate childhood lead poisoning, and $6 million to support national efforts to mitigate exposure to high-risk legacy chemicals, such as mercury and asbestos.
Expanding the Conversation on Environmentalism and Working for Environmental Justice: This budget contains $8 million for environmental justice programs. It targets increased brownfields investments to under-served and economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and proposes $9 million for community water priorities in the Healthy Communities Initiative, funds that will help under-served communities restore urban waterways and address water quality challenges. EPA is committed to identifying and addressing the health and environmental burdens faced by communities disproportionately impacted by pollution. This commitment is fulfilled through the agency’s efforts to give people a voice in decisions that impact their lives and to integrate environmental justice in EPA programs, policies and activities.
More information:
http://www.epa.gov/budget
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